What vulnerability level is represented by Stratum 16?

Stratum 16 indicates an unsynchronized device. In the context of network time protocols, the stratum levels are used to signify the distance of a time source from an authoritative time source. Each increment in stratum number represents one additional step away from the primary reference clock, with Stratum 0 being the highest level of accuracy and authority.

When a device is classified as Stratum 16, it typically means that it cannot synchronize its time with a more accurate time source and is essentially considered unsynchronized. This can lead to issues in environments where accurate timekeeping is critical, such as in IT networks and industrial control systems. Unsynchronized devices may cause inconsistencies, lead to errors in logging events, and affect time-sensitive operations, resulting in vulnerabilities that could be exploited by attackers or lead to operational failures.

Understanding this classification is vital for assessing the security and reliability of timekeeping in any system, especially in industrial settings where precise timing is crucial for synchronization of processes and data integrity.