How is network congestion typically managed by TCP?

TCP, or Transmission Control Protocol, utilizes flow control methods such as the sliding window mechanism to manage network congestion effectively. This approach allows TCP to regulate the amount of data that can be sent before needing an acknowledgment from the receiving end.

When congestion occurs or is detected, TCP can adjust its sending rate dynamically based on network conditions. For instance, if the network becomes congested, TCP may reduce the window size, thereby decreasing the amount of unacknowledged data in transit. This helps prevent overwhelming the network and contributes to the overall stability and reliability of the connection.

The other strategies mentioned, such as increasing packet size or using fewer TCP flags, do not inherently resolve the issue of network congestion. Simply reducing the flow of packets without a systematic approach like flow control might not effectively manage congestion either, as it does not take into account the varying capacity or latency of the network. Thus, flow control mechanisms are pivotal for ensuring efficient data transmission and managing congestion in TCP communication.